VIRUS COMO MATERIAL DE ENGENHARIA GENÉTICA DO FUTURO
AS ESTAÇÕES DE MELHORAMENTO CLÁSSICAS SÃO HOJE ANTROS FOSSILIZADOS
CHEIOS DE SUBSTÂNCIAS CARCINOGÉNICAS E AGRICULTURA CONVENCIONAL
COMO HÁ 8 MIL OU 10 OU MAIS MILHARES D'ANOS NA REVOLUÇÃO NEOLÍTICA
QUIÇÁ UM POUCO MAIS APARELHADAS E SISTEMÁTICAS
MAS O MESMO TIPO DE MELHORADORES
QUE POUCO SE AFASTAM DA VIA ESTÚPIDA DO SÉCULO XIX
ATASCADOS NO MELHORAMENTO À MENDELIANA
SÃO INCAPAZES DE INVESTIR EM OUTRAS VIAS
SE OS VÍRUS POR VIA MERISTEMÁTICA PODEM CONTAMINAR A SEMENTE
FUTURA
O USO COMO VECTORES DE INFORMAÇÃO GENÉTICA PODE SER O FUTURO
EM ESPÉCIES IMPOSSÍVEIS DE MELHORAR POR VIA TRADICIONAL
COMO AS ARBÓREAS DE LONGA VIDA
SOBREIRO PRODUÇÃO TARDIA COLHEITAS DE 9 EM 9 OU 10 EM 10 ANOS
MELHORAR A LONGEVIDADE É IMPORTANTÍSSIMO PARA O FUTURO SÉCULO
OU SÉCULOS...
DE GERAÇÃO EM GERAÇÃO DECORREM 35 ANOS
SE FOREM NECESSÁRIAS DIGAMOS 10 OU 12 GERAÇÕES DE CRUZAMENTOS
PARA OBTER ORGANISMOS HOMOZIGÓTICOS EM ALTA QUANTIDADE
PRECISÁVAMOS DE 350 A 420 ANOS
RESUMINDO JÁ DEVÍAMOS TER COMEÇADO NO TEMPO DO CAMÕES
UNIFORMIDADE DE FRUTOS ...GLANDES ...SEMENTES
ENFIM BOLOTAS PARA TRABALHO DE MELHORAMENTO
É INEXEQUÍVEL POR ESTA VIA
PRINCIPALMENTE DADA A GRANDE VARIABILIDADE
E O GRANDE NÚMERO DE CARACTERES VARIÁVEIS
E LOGO O ENORME Nº DE COMBINAÇÕES POSSÍVEIS
A ESTATURA O PORTE E O PAP (PERÍMETRO ALTURA DU....PATO...
A FLORAÇÃO CARACTERISTICAMENTE FEMININA
ENFIM PREGAR MELHORAMENTO EM 8 OU 9 OU MESMO MENOS GERAÇÕES
PARA GERAÇÕES DE 35 ANOS CADA É DUMA IMBECILIDADE COMPLETA
VIRUS E INDUTORES DE TUMORES COMO A HÉRNIA OU POTRA DA COUVE
SERÃO O FUTURO DA GENÉTICA NO SÉCULO XXI...OU XXII...
VENHA A NÓS A III MUNDIAL ....AMÉN
MUTAGÉNESE POR RADIAÇÃO É JOGAR AOS DADOS CUM DEO EX MACHINE GUN...
dijous, 11 de setembre del 2014
THE WHOOPING ITALIAN OU O ITALIANO SALTITANTE ALGURES NO ANO DE 1988? 1987? A WIKIPEDIA DIZ 1987...E O PING-PONG NÃO APARECE COMO WHOOPING ITALIAN ... Appearance of the Vienna virus, which was subsequently neutralized—the first time this had happened on the IBM platform.[14] Appearance of Lehigh virus (discovered at its namesake university),[14] boot sector viruses such as Yale from USA, Stoned from New Zealand, Ping Pong from Italy, and appearance of first self-encrypting file virus, Cascade. Lehigh was stopped on campus before it spread to the wild, and has never been found elsewhere as a result. A subsequent infection of Cascade in the offices of IBM Belgium led to IBM responding with its own antivirus product development. Prior to this, antivirus solutions developed at IBM were intended for staff use only. October: The Jerusalem virus, part of the (at that time unknown) Suriv family, is detected in the city of Jerusalem. The virus destroys all executable files on infected machines upon every occurrence of Friday the 13th (except Friday 13 November 1987 making its first trigger date May 13, 1988). Jerusalem caused a worldwide epidemic in 1988.[14] November: The SCA virus, a boot sector virus for Amigas appears, immediately creating a pandemic virus-writer storm. A short time later, SCA releases another, considerably more destructive virus, the Byte Bandit. December: Christmas Tree EXEC was the first widely disruptive replicating network program, which paralyzed several international computer networks in December 1987. 1988 March 1: The Ping-Pong virus (also called Boot, Bouncing Ball, Bouncing Dot, Italian, Italian-A or VeraCruz), an MS-DOS boot sector virus, is discovered at University of Turin in Italy.
Subscriure's a:
Comentaris del missatge (Atom)
cultured axenically, contained DNA of
ResponEliminaA. tumefaciens
origin, which implied that host cells
were genetically transformed by
Agrobacterium
(Schilperoort et al., 1967). In 1974, the tumor-
inducing (Ti) plasmid was identified to be essential for the crown gall-inducing ability (Van
Larebeke et al., 1974; Zaenen et al., 1974). Sout
hern hybridization turned out to prove that
the bacterial DNA transferred to host cells or
iginates from the Ti plasmid and ultimately
resulted in the discovery of T-DNA (transfe
rred DNA), specific segments transferred from
A. tumefaciens
to plant cells (Chilton et al., 1977; Ch
ilton et al., 1978; Depicker et al., 1978).
The T-DNA is referred to as the T-region when
located on the Ti-plasmid. The T-region is
delimited by 25-bp directly repeated sequences, which are called T-DNA border sequences.
The T-DNAs, when transferred to
plant cells, encode enzymes for the synthesis of (1) the
plant hormones auxin and cytokinin and (2) stra
in-specific low molecular weight amino acid
and sugar phosphate derivatives called opin
es. The massive accumulation of auxin and
cytokinin in transformed plant cells causes un
controlled cell proliferation and the synthesis
of nutritive opines that can be meta
bolized specifically by the infecting
A. tumefaciens
strain.
Thus, the opine-producing tumor effectively create
s an ecological niche specifically suited to
the infecting
A. tumefaciens
strain (Escobar & Dandekar, 2003; Gelvin, 2003). Besides the T-
DNAs, Ti-plasmid also contains most of the gene
s that are required for the transfer of the T-
DNAs from
A. tumefaciens
to the plant cell.
Initial study of these plant tumors was intend
ed to reveal the molecular mechanism that
may be relevant to animal neoplasia. Although no relationship was found between animal
and plant tumors,
A. tumefaciens
and plant tumor were proved to be of intrinsic interest
because the tumorous growth was shown to
result from the transfer of T-DNA from
bacterial Ti-plasmid to the plant cell and th
e stable integration of the T-DNA to plant
genome. The demonstration that wild-type T-DNA coding region can be replaced by any
DNA sequence without any ef
fect on its transfer from
A. tumefaciens
to the plant inspired the
promise that
A. tumefaciens
might be used as gene vector to deliver genetic material into
plants. In the early of 1980’s, two events about
A. tumefaciens
mediated genetic
transformation signaled the beginning of the era of plant genetic engineering. First,
A.
tumefaciens
and its Ti-plasmid were used as a gene vector system to produce the first
transgenic plant (Zambryski et
al., 1983). The healthy transgenic
plants had the ability to
transmit the disarmed
T-DNA, including the foreign genes, to their progeny. Second, non-
plant antibiotic-resistance gene
s, for example, a bacterial ka
namycin-resistance gene, could
be instructed to function efficiently in plant
cells by splicing a plant-
active promoter to the
coding region of the bacterial genes. This en
abled accurate selection of transformed plant
cells (Beven, 1984). The even
tual success of using
A. tumefaciens
as a gene vector to create
transgenic plants was viewed as a pr
ospect and a “wish”. The future of
A. tumefaciens
as a
gene vector for crop improvement began to l
ook bright. During the 1990’s, maize, a monocot
plant species that was th
ought to be outside the
A. tumefaciens
“normal host range”, was
successfully transformed by
A. tumefaciens
(Chilton, 1993)......